The general term for plants that set seed once is monocarp. Most famously agave and bamboo, among plants with cycles longer than two years.

For plants like bamboos, they're interesting because the periods can be quite long, over a hundred years in some cases, so it's simply rare to see them in flower, and due to how they're propagated and how they keep time, you sometimes see a mass worldwide flowering and die off followed by a shortage of that plant.

It's a much rarer reproductive strategy than annual, biennial, or perennial.