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zzo38computer 3 days ago

Calibri font has "I" and "l" the same, according to Wikipedia. A better font should avoid characters being too similar (such as "I" and "l" and "1").

Another issue is due to the font size and font metrics, how much space it will take up on the page, to be small enough to avoid wasting paper and ink but also not too small to read.

So, there are multiple issues in choosing the fonts; however, Times New Roman and Calibri are not the only two possible choices.

Maybe the government should make up their own (hopefully public domain) font, which would be suitable for their purposes (and avoiding needing proprietary fonts), and use that instead.

jazzyjackson 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

> Maybe the government should make up their own

They have, public sans, courtesy of USWDS, and it does distinguish between l and I with a little hook/spur on lowercase el

https://public-sans.digital.gov/

https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Public+Sans?preview.text=1...

layer8 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

It’s also on GitHub: https://github.com/uswds/public-sans

The glyph repertoire is a bit limited, though.

wombatpm 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Is USWDS still a thing? I thought they were DOGED out of existence.

jazzyjackson 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

Good question, with a little searching I found that, in true DOGE fashion, there exists an executive order announcing a new "National Design Studio" which is tasked with updating USWDS

So why fonts are being managed by Rubio and not the Chief Design Officer is anyone's guess

https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/08/fact-sheet-pr...

sailfast 2 days ago | parent [-]

Yeah it’s fascist looking as hell, and they’re the ones that have been registering all these rando program domains. So, so dumb - if only because it’s redundant and wasteful.

https://ndstudio.gov/

With such inspiring copy as “What's the biggest brand in the world? If you said Trump, you're not wrong. But what's the foundation of that brand? One that's more globally recognized than practically anything else. It's the nation…where he was born. It's the United States of America.” how can you go wrong?

Terr_ 2 days ago | parent [-]

For anyone sharing my confusion: Yes, that cringetastic text (and borderline Hatch-Act violation) is up there, but it's a different linked domain:

https://americabydesign.gov/

jrjeksjd8d 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

The funniest part of this site is talking about how important design is, and then having one bad quality video of a US flag and a bunch of giant text fading into view while scrolling. It's giving "graphic design is my passion"

zimpenfish 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I'm no expert but "We've been conditioned to accept that mediocre in government is normal." reads terribly.

Surely it should be "...that mediocrity in..." or even "...that mediocre government..." or even "...that being mediocre in...". All of those are better!

edit: this text is a mess. "It's time to upgrade, and fix the nation's digital potholes." That comma is nonsense.

NekkoDroid 2 days ago | parent [-]

> edit: this text is a mess. "It's time to upgrade, and fix the nation's digital potholes." That comma is nonsense.

I assume they wanted to look smart in the sense "look at us, we used the oxford comma" without actually understanding that the oxford comma needs 3 or more elements listed to be an actual oxford comma.

sorenjan 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> AN OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

> What's the biggest brand in the world? If you said Trump, you're not wrong.

This is beyond satire by now, it reminds me of Idi Amin and his official title:

His full self-bestowed title ultimately became: "His Excellency, President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Seas and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular"

2 days ago | parent [-]
[deleted]
sailfast 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Yes thank you for posting the click-through. Just about every site they make is hot garbage unfortunately. It’s depressing.

The Hatch Act is a law, but is effectively dead under this administration as it is never enforced and often violated brazenly.

ycombigrator 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

I think the whole US is being DOGED out of existence tbh.

vessenes 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Ooh, I like Public Sans! I hadn't seen it before.

bulbar 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Nothing is more inefficient than the secretary of state thinking about and conducting meetings about the font used in documents. It just doesn't matter in the sense that it "doesn't move the needle".

I expect the leaders of a government deciding on matters that have a real impact on people's live, not on stuff that from a practical point of view is totally irrelevant.

hamandcheese 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

> not on stuff that from a practical point of view is totally irrelevant.

The modern era we live in has far, far too much of this attitude. It's the same force eroding craftsmanship, attention to detail, and human dignity.

I find it quite reasonable for someone to care about the presentation of official government communications.

And just so we are clear, I also think Rubio is a horrible person.

otikik 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

So, two options.

a) It's a smoke screen. Do something bombastic and provocative so that the opposition chews on that while something else more "important" passes undetected.

b) Nah, he's just stupid.

Terr_ 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

In general, yes, but for these leaders... the less sabotaging impact they have, the better.

oneeyedpigeon 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It's not about anything practical, it's all about the message.

nailer 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

The global impression of the US is worth thinking about. The font is part of that.

bulbar 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

It's really not. The used font just doesn't move the needle regarding the global impression. 99% of people never ever think or care about the font they use.

What else should be decided on on the highest level: spacing, padding, allowance of the Oxford comma?

It is useful that somebody thinks about that stuff, just not the highest level of the government.

That's like the CEO of Microsoft having meeting about coding conventions, space vs tabs, variable name format etc.

moltopoco 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

The irony here is that Steve Jobs _did_ actually think about fonts. Sure, he certainly didn't think about Times New Roman, but I disagree with the idea that someone at the top should not have time to write a quick memo about trivialities if it bothers them.

oneeyedpigeon 2 days ago | parent [-]

(Part of) Steve Jobs' job was to deliver a great operating system, and part of that relates to how fonts are used. No part of the President's job involves picking a font, let alone legislating around it, unless there are actual political factors involved.

nailer 2 days ago | parent [-]

The secretary of state communicates with foreign countries, and part of that relates to how fonts are used. I am sure you are already aware of this.

nailer 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

> That's like the CEO of Microsoft having meeting about coding conventions, space vs tabs, variable name format etc.

Gates absolutely did care when Windows products were bad.

sorenjan 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

You want to know what the global impression of the US is right now? Here's a translated quote from a newspaper today, from a source in our military:

> – The US has the most qualified intelligence organizations in the world at its disposal. Both the CIA and the FBI have been politicized under the current regime. I find it difficult to see how we will be able to maintain the trusting cooperation we have had with the US in the past after this.

The actions of the current administration speaks far louder than any font ever could, and it's tearing down decades of good will and trust.

nailer a day ago | parent [-]

> Both the CIA and the FBI have been politicized under the current regime.

The CIA and FBI were politicised well before the current regime. If you live in the US you will be aware of the Russiagate hoax.

jimnotgym 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The Global impression of the US is down the toilet. This only adds to that. I kept being told that I was not American, and America didn't care what the rest of the world thought. Which is it?

seanhunter 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Speaking as someone who is not from the US I can say that the global impression of the US is not helped by the secretary of state bikeshedding about fonts. There are important issues of foreign affairs that need thought and attention at this time.

nailer a day ago | parent [-]

I don't think it really took much time.

"Use a better font in all documnts from now on"

There you go.

seanhunter a day ago | parent [-]

That's not the point at all and I think you know that.

A big part of leadership is conveying priorities. This says "What's important isn't Israel, Venezuela, Russia/Ukraine, China, it's that you used Calibri in compiling a document." It is the very definition of form over substance.

notahacker 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It's an interesting thought, given what current global impressions are.

I'm imagining a scenario in which the President of the United States is doing his usual sort of diplomatic outreach, consisting of waffling incoherently about things he's heard on TV that he doesn't like about their country. At one point he loses his train of thought and starts bragging about how well he's doing in cognitive adequacy tests. The diplomats are waiting until the bit where they get to flatter and bribe him at the end, the bit where he usually reverses his foreign policy, so long as they can get him to understand what they're actually asking from him. One of them speculates whether it's even possible that half the country is actually dumber than this guy.

A staffer wearing a MAGA baseball cap sidles up to them with some briefing notes. And its just impossible not to notice the notes are typeset in the very same venerable font that was once used as the default for Windows 9x.

The diplomats are stunned. No sans serif wokeness here. The typeface exudes heritage and gravitas. At last they realize what a very serious adminstration they're dealing with.

7bit 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

No one cares about the font US documents are written in. You're not that important.

rtkwe 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

True though the confusion about that is largely when you're not dealing with words like passwords or hashes. In the context of words it's going to be generally disambiguated by context, I can't think of an example off hand in writing where I and l will that ambiguous. The removal of serifs probably has a higher impact to more people unless I'm missing some common situation where they'd be easy to confuse in context.

adrian_b 2 days ago | parent [-]

On the Web I see very frequently foreign names, user handles or URLs where I am confused about whether there is an I or an l, because that Web page has chosen to use a bad sans serif font that does not differentiate these letters.

Sometimes there is no problem because the words or links containing ambiguous letters can be copied and pasted. Other times there is an annoying problem because either the stupid designer has disabled copying (or like in the output of Google and some other search engines, copying does not copy the visible text, but a link that cannot be used in a different context, outside the browser), or because I want to write on my computer a link or name that I have received on my phone.

zzo38computer a day ago | parent | next [-]

I disabled fonts on the web browser on my computer, in order to avoid that and other problems. I also disabled the display of non-ASCII characters in URLs (which required adding some codes to make it do that; the built-in settings will only work for the domain name and not the rest of the URL), and changed the font used for URLs, which also helps.

rtkwe 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Yeah I understand it's an issue other places but I don't think it's actually a significant issue in government documents and forms written in English which is the usecase here. The choice doesn't have to satisfy all requirements it just needs to be a good choice for government writing.

HPsquared 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Come to think of it, I vs l vs 1 vs | is one advantage of serif fonts.

pmontra 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

Yes and I use the Atkinson font in my emacs (for code) which is proportional and sans serif except for those characters

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_Hyperlegible

Propelloni 2 days ago | parent [-]

This font can't be promoted enough!

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

The crossbars on the capital "i" are not serifs.

But sans-serif fonts are certainly the prime offenders of rendering a lower-case L in place of the capital "i".

adrian_b 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

The crossbar of a t is not a serif, but those of the capital I are definitely serifs.

Only on computer screens it is possible to confuse serifs with crossbars, because of the very low resolution, which forces the increase of the width of a serif to 1 pixel, possibly making it as wide as a crossbar.

To convince yourself that capital I has serifs and not crossbars, just look at high-resolution photos of some Roman imperial inscriptions, like that on Trajan's column, which are the gold standard for the design of the capital letters in serif fonts.

Most letters of the Latin script are made of 3 elements, thick lines, thin lines and serifs. The width ratio between the thick lines and the thin lines is called the contrast of the font.

Serif fonts normally have a higher contrast and sans serif fonts not only have no serifs, but they also have no contrast or only a low contrast.

Serifs are even thinner than the thin lines (which include some of the crossbars), except in sans serif fonts (which have no serifs) and slab serifs fonts (where the serifs are as thick as the thin lines).

Both the sans serif and the slab serif fonts are fonts typical for the 19th century after the Napoleonian wars, when they were used mainly for advertising, where they attracted attention due to their anomalous serifs and they also allowed a lower cost by using cheap paper and printing machines, which would not have rendered well the standard serif fonts.

In several programmer fonts, where most characters are sans serif, a few characters are made slab serif, i.e. with serifs that are as thick as a crossbar, with the purpose of distinguishing them clearly from similar characters. Thus capital I is made with thick serifs looking like crossbars, even if that is not the standard capital I shape. The reason is less to distinguish it from l, which should have a low hook even in sans-serif typefaces, but to distinguish it better from vertical bar, which is important in programming languages.

Moreover, because such programmer fonts are fixed-pitch, a few narrow characters have slab serifs that do not exist in variable-pitch fonts, in order to avoid excessive areas of white space between letters. Such slab serifs added for blackening are put at the top of the small i, j and l letters, not only on capital I (but on the small letters the slab serifs are unilateral, not bilateral, like on capital I). Such extra slab serifs on the narrow characters are inherited from the type-writing machines, where they had the purpose to diminish the pressure of the hammer hitting the paper, to avoid making holes in the paper.

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

Down-modded by an obscurity apologist.

adrian_b 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

You are right, but if legibility had been the reason for change, Times New Roman is a rather poor choice, even if better than Calibri.

Among Microsoft typefaces, Georgia would have been much better than Times New Roman, especially when read on displays, but even when printed.

There are of course even better choices, but Georgia is a familiar typeface for most people, it is similar enough to Times New Roman and the older versions of Georgia are free to use by anybody.

Georgia is not as condensed as Times New Roman, but here Times New Roman is the anomaly, as it is more condensed than a normal font, for the purpose of fitting within narrow newspaper columns.

From Windows 3.0 to Windows 98, I have used Times New Roman as my main text font in documents, because Windows did not include anything better, but immediately after the introduction of the superior Georgia I replaced Times New Roman with it for some years, until eventually I stopped relying on the bundled typefaces and I have bought some typefaces that I liked more, for use in all my documents. (Windows 3.0 did not have yet TTF fonts, with which the licensed Times New Roman was introduced later, but it already had a metrically equivalent Times font).

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yep. Any font that neglects to put crossbars on the capital "i" should be eliminated from consideration for any practical application.

2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]
[deleted]
RobotToaster 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

I've always found serif fonts easier to read, although I prefer Baskerville over Times.

ajross 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Calibri font has "I" and "l" the same, according to Wikipedia. A better font should avoid characters being too similar (such as "I" and "l" and "1").

Only when used in a context where they can be confused. This is a situation where HN is going to give bad advice. Programmers care deeply about that stuff (i.e. "100l" is a long-valued integer literal in C and not the number 1001). Most people tend not to, and there is a long tradition of fonts being a little ambiguous in that space.

But yes, don't use Calibri in your editor.

MarkusQ 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

> Most people tend not to

Except the whole rationale for going to Calibri in the first place was that it was supposedly more accessible due to being easier to OCR.

NewJazz 2 days ago | parent [-]

That's the "diversity" they were talking about?? Fucks sake.

rtkwe 2 days ago | parent [-]

It's not, although blind or highly vision impared people who use screen readers sometimes also have to rely on OCR when the document isn't properly formatted with text.

Using a sans serif font generally helps anyone with difficulty distinguishing letters so dyslexic, low vision, aging vision etc. individuals. It's not just for digital OCR.

MarkusQ 2 days ago | parent [-]

> Using a sans serif font generally helps anyone with difficulty distinguishing letters so dyslexic, low vision, aging vision etc.

So far as I'm aware, there is very little actual evidence to support this oft-repeated claim. It all seems to lead back to this study of 46 individuals, the Results section of which smells of p-hacking.

https://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/go...

tedunangst 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

It's not like the State Department would ever mention Kim Jong the Second in documents.

bitwize 2 days ago | parent [-]

Nope, just Kim Jong one (in French).

IshKebab 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> Most people tend not to

Yeah because normal people never have to deal with alphanumeric strings...

dragonwriter 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

> Yeah because normal people never have to deal with alphanumeric strings...

Natural language tends to have a high degree of disambiguating redundancy and is used to communicate between humans, who are good at making use of that. Programming languages have somewhat less of disambiguating redundancy (or in extreme cases almost none), and, most critically, are used to communicate with compilers and interpreters that have zero capacity to make use of it even when it is present.

This makes "letter looks like a digit that would rarely be used in a place where both make sense" a lot more of a problem for a font used with a programming language than a font used for a natural language.

Ferret7446 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

People named Al are having a field day with the recent AI boom.

El confusion is absolutely a problem for regular people.

moltopoco 2 days ago | parent [-]

This indeed. In the last couple of years, I've had to re-read a whole lot of sentences because I read it as the wrong Al/AI in my head at first.

vintermann 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That yaa can gat ba wath ana waval dasn't maan that wa all shaald start wratang laka thas.

Y_Y 2 days ago | parent [-]

Alright, Lumpy Space Princess

morshu9001 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Legal language isn't very natural

dragonwriter 2 days ago | parent [-]

Legal language is natural language with particular domain-specific technical jargon; like other uses of natural language, it targets humans who are quite capable of resolving ambiguity via context and not compilers and interpreters that are utterly incapable of doing so.

Not that official State Department communication is mostly “legal language” as distinct from more general formal use of natural language to start with.

pseingatl 2 days ago | parent [-]

The US Supreme Court uses Century or Century Schoolbook.

IshKebab 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

> Natural language

I said alphanumeric strings not natural language. Things like order codes, authentication codes, license numbers, etc.

ajross 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

No, because normal people can read "l00l" as a number just fine and don't actually care if the underlying encoding is different. AI won't care either. It's just us on-the-spectrum nerds with our archaic deterministic devices and brains trained on them that get wound up about it. Designing a font for normal readers is just fine.

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

Normal readers know that capital "i" has crossbars on it.

Why design an intentionally ambiguous font? There is only downside to it.

ajross 15 hours ago | parent [-]

You lost this fight more than a century ago. Helvetica and almost all related grotesque fonts lack a serif on "I", and dominate modern typography. You see them everywhere, on every device. Pull your phone out your pocket and see if you can see "crossbars" on the I. They're not there, and never have been.

And people like it this way! So that's why we design fonts like this.

2 days ago | parent | prev [-]
[deleted]
da_chicken 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

Yes, exactly this. Judging a document font based on how well it functions as a programming font is weird.

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

"Only when used in a context where they can be confused."

So what are you supposed to when you're typing along and suddenly you find yourself in such a context? Switch the font of that one occurrence? That document? Your whole publishing effort?

Capital "i"s without crossbars aren't capital "i"s. They're lower-case Ls. Any font that doesn't recognize this should be rejected.

inejge 2 days ago | parent [-]

> Capital "i"s without crossbars aren't capital "i"s. They're lower-case Ls. Any font that doesn't recognize this should be rejected.

You have asserted this at least thrice in the past thirty minutes. What makes you feel so strongly about it? "Rejected" for what purpose? Do you understand that you've just trashed Helvetica, to take a famous example?

VerifiedReports 2 days ago | parent [-]

What an odd question. I don't like degraded communication or stupidity. Is that enough justification?

Oh wait, I trashed hallowed Helvetica? The Lord's font? The font used on the tablets Moses carried down from Mount Sinai? OMG whatever shall I do.

Meanwhile, the question stands.

2 days ago | parent [-]
[deleted]
moomoo11 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

No. I don’t want the gov wasting money making a fucking font.

There’s a few dozen off the shelf fonts that would work for 99.99% of people.

For those who it doesn’t work, deal with it. It’s a font. Or fallback to system font.

amluto 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

Neither Calibri nor Times New Roman are free to use, although they are free in certain contexts for Windows users. The US Government is paying plenty for them.

echelon 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

You know the fonts on our roads are standardized? And a lot of other official documents?

Designing a font that will be public domain forever costs next to nothing. It's a one-time cost that pays dividends into the future and that will probably outlive us.

The government would create something standard and accessible, and anyone could use it. No encumbered licensing.

I think companies refreshing design systems is a waste of money, but the government doing it is actually incredibly prudent.

moomoo11 2 days ago | parent [-]

I don't think you understand how gov spends money lol.

What you think is "next to nothing" will 99% turn into $300 million dollars and 10 years later about $4 billion will have been spent.

And 100% there are people waiting to milk the gov doing this. Maybe you are one of them? In that case...

oneeyedpigeon 2 days ago | parent [-]

> will 99% turn into $300 million dollars

Only because of corruption, which should be dealt with of course, but that's a totally separate issue that doesn't invalidate the act of making an open font.

ensocode 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

ha ha MAGA font. Only big letters

thiht 2 days ago | parent [-]

THE BEST LETTERS

timeon 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

See this policy of return to Times New Roman really works. People are debating particular letters after (both) rulings have been made instead of the fact that president protects pedophiles.

abeyer 2 days ago | parent [-]

Only rich ones. Lowbrow pedophiles who hang out in pizza parlors are a whole different thing.

TacticalCoder 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

[dead]

gerdesj 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

A font was the en_US version of fount. A fount was a particular example of a typeface. A typeface is something like TNR or Calibri. They all seem to have been munged into a single set of synonyms except for fount which has been dropped (so why do we still have colour and all that stuff)?

A print, then typewriter, then computer typeface emulates a written script but also takes on a life of its own. Handwriting in english is mostly gibberish these days because hardly anyone uses a pen anymore! However, it is mostly "cursive" and cursive is not the same as serif and sans.

English prides itself on not having diacritics, or accents or whatever that thing where you merge a A and E is called, unless they are borrowed: in which case all bets are off; or there is an r in the month and the moon is in Venus.

So you want a font and it needs to look lovely. If your O and 0 are not differentiated then you have failed. 2:Z?, l:L:1? Good.

I use a german style slash across the number seven when I write the number, even though my number one is nothing like a german one, which looks more like a lambda. I also slash a lone capital Zed. I slash a zero: 0 and dot an O when writing code on paper. Basically, when I write with a pen you are in absolutely no doubt what character I have written, unless the DTs kick in 8)

irishcoffee 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

I thought I was the only one that still crossed a seven and slashed a zero. I don’t dot an ‘O’ however.

FeteCommuniste 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

I cross my sevens, slash my zeros, and use a hook on lowercase T to avoid confusion with plus signs. I think I developed the hook-T habit in college math classes.

irishcoffee 2 days ago | parent [-]

I didn’t even think about that one, I do that as well, and for the exact same reason! That’s too funny.

IggleSniggle 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

That's good, because the "O" should never be dotted. You use slash OR dot for zero, unless you vaguely remember them both as useful for disambiguating but forgot that both marks are for zero and vary by typeface. Mostly dotted zero was just during the dot matrix era. I wouldn't mind being shown counter examples.

Jailbird 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

I cross my sevens!

I'll consider starting to slash my zeros. Seems legit.

vintermann 2 days ago | parent | next [-]

Øh, that isn't ideal for Danes, Norwegians or people who regularly deal with empty sets.

gerdesj 5 hours ago | parent | next [-]

Fair enough, but I was whittering on about English and not Dansk or Norsk. The empty set should be obvious from context.

zzo38computer a day ago | parent | prev [-]

What I had done sometimes when writing slashed zero by a pencil and needed the disambiguation (which is not that common in my writing but it does happen sometimes that it will be important), is for the slash the other way for zero, to avoid being confused with slashed O or the symbol for empty sets. Atkinson Hyperlegible font (mentioned in another comment) also works that way, too; the slash for zero is the other way than the slashed O in languages that use that.

davchana 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

In india its considered bad omen to slash 7s.

Fnoord 2 days ago | parent [-]

We are trying to summon a Leviathan here.

dragonwriter 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

> English prides itself on not having diacritics, or accents or whatever that thing where you merge a A and E is called, unless they are borrowed

Its called the letter “ash” and its borrowed from... (Old) English. Though its functionally reverted to being a ligature, which is what is was before it was a letter.

(Also, English has &, which was a letter even more recently—its current name being taken from the way it was recited as part of the alphabet [“and, per se, and”], including the effect of slurring with speed—and which also originated as a ligature.)

buntsai 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The use of the "font" spelling variant rather than "fount" is any case a clearer indication of etymology. After all, a "fount" of types refers not to its role as a fountain of printing (fons fontis L -> fontaine OF -> fountain) but the pouring out, melting and casting of lead (fundo fundere fudu fusum [fused!] L -> fondre / fonte F).

FeteCommuniste 2 days ago | parent | prev | next [-]

The linked A+E thing is called a ligature:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(writing)

Same root as "ligament" and "ligand."

vintermann 2 days ago | parent [-]

It's a ligature in modern English, but it's a proper letter in Anglo-Saxon.

Ligatures or contextual letter variants (such as s being written with a different symbol when it's at the end of a word) are a sin to encode as characters. They should be part of the presentation layer, not the content layer! And don't even get me started on OCR which thinks such things are good to "preserve".

DocTomoe 2 days ago | parent | prev [-]

There's no pride in not having diacritics, it's a sign of an insufficient script. It's the reason why English writing gives no hint of pronunciation.