The failure of Ariane was not specific to Ada.

It is just an example that it is possible to write garbage programs in any programming language, regardless if it is Rust or any other supposedly safer programming language.

A program written in C, but compiled with the option to trap on overflow errors would have behaved identically to the Ada program of Ariane.

A program where exceptions are ignored would have continued to run, but most likely the rocket would have crashed anyway a little later due to nonsense program decisions and the cause would have been more difficult to discover.