> If you want to do this, you just have to pass laws saying companies are required to manufacture x% of their goods domestically.

and if they go below <x> they pay a fine yea?

yea, thats what a tariff is. you have to manufacture x=100% domestically. otherwise 100-x non-domestic is taxed. that's a tariff.

You're not wrong but the fine can be significantly higher than the tariff.

Pay 300% tax if you don't manufacture 10% of your goods in the US. Furthermore, the penalties could escalate from repeat violations. It's a lot more flexible than a blanket tariff on an industry, country or specific good.