To add to this: I've worked on projects that came out of waterfall process, and on projects that came out of too hasty agile iterations.

They both have issues but they are very different. A waterfall project would have inscrutable structure and a large amount of "open doors" just in case a need of an extension at some place would materialize. Paradoxically this makes the code difficult to extend and debug because of overdone abstractions.

Hasty agile code has too many TODOs with "put this hardcoded value in a parameter". It is usually easier to add small features but when coming to a major design flaw it can be easier to throw everything out.

For UI code, AI seems to heavily tend towards the latter.