| ▲ | justapassenger 12 hours ago |
| > Decentralized solar plus batteries is already cheaper than electricity + transmission for me at my home in the US. The only thing stopping me is the permitting hassle or the contractor hassle. Does decentralized solar plus batteries give you same amount of reliability? How many days without sunny weather can you survive without having to change your energy use habits? Each 9 of reliability for infrastructure is EXTREMELY expensive. And grid has a lot of 9s. |
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| ▲ | noosphr 12 hours ago | parent | next [-] |
| It absolutely does not. But having electricity 13 days every two weeks is much better than not having it at all. This isn't about China building out their grid with an over capacity factor of 200% so they can keep everything running even if rain, sun and wind all fail for months on end. This is a developing county getting to the point they can charge mobile phones consistently. |
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| ▲ | numitus 10 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | Unfortunately, all such calculations are egocentric. People assume that everyone can use solar panels for 13 days 2 weeks, and when needed, we’ll just get electricity from the grid. But what they don’t take into account is that when there’s load today but none tomorrow, the grid becomes unstable.
2) This also increases costs. You might save electricity consumption in 14 times, but your expenses for grid electricity can increase in 14 times, because the grid still needs to be maintained — staff must be kept at power plants to ensure you can be supplied with 100% of your energy at any moment. | | |
| ▲ | noosphr 9 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | These people don't have access to the grid. That's the issue to begin with. | |
| ▲ | incompatible 10 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | The tricky thing in cold climates is the part of the year when solar power is lowest but electricity use, for heating, is highest. Sometimes they have hydro or something. |
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| ▲ | pfdietz 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | When I go to https://model.energy/ and ask it to solve for providing steady output in China from 100% renewable energy (wind/solar/battery/hydrogen) at minimum cost using 2030 cost assumptions and 2011 weather data, the solar curtailment is just 7.3% (and most of the energy is coming from solar, not wind). If I remove hydrogen and solve again, solar curtailment increases to 16.7%. "200% overcapacity" is completely bogus. | | |
| ▲ | discordance 8 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | Try that again with 99% renewable and it becomes much more reasonable with regards to over overcapacity. 1% non-renewable would be a very good outcome. | | |
| ▲ | pfdietz 4 hours ago | parent [-] | | One can enable "dispatchable 1" which is simple cycle gas turbines, and limit the total CO2 emission so that's at most 1% of the generation. Doing that, and with no hydrogen, solar curtailment is reduced by more than half, to 8.1%. |
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| ▲ | Steven_Vellon 8 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | And what was the storage requirement? I just ran those parameters myself with China's 2.9 TW of constant electricity demand, and the storage requirement was over 70,000 GWh of battery storage. By comparison, global battery production is around 1,000 GWh per year. | | |
| ▲ | epistasis an hour ago | parent | next [-] | | Battery production capacity grows by 10x every five years. In 2021 there was ~100 GWh of batteries produced a year. In 2031, it's going to be 20-30TWh per year. Current batteries have 10+ year warranties, and last 20-25 years. We're likely to see 30 years+ for the newer sodium ion batteries. For something like 20 years, people have been looking at the exponential growth in the annual solar deployments and saying "well that's it, starting next year we're only going to deploy exactly as much as last year, plus 5%-30%". And every year these predictions are proven wrong. And every year they do the same dumb thing again: https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2020/07/12/has-the-international... Let's not repeat the same projection mistake with batteries that's been going on with solar for so long. | |
| ▲ | pfdietz 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | It was around 14 hours of battery storage. Seems reasonable. Realize that replacing all ICE road vehicles in the US with 70 kWh BEVs would require storage equal to ~40 hours of our average grid usage. The future is going to need large numbers of batteries, which is why China has been all in on this. | | |
| ▲ | Steven_Vellon 8 hours ago | parent [-] | | 14 hours of battery (~40 TWh for China) with the hydrogen storage or without? Because the calculator was reporting ~78,000 GWh battery storage with China's weather selected, and 2030 technology assumptions. I changed the spatial capacity factor from 1 to 2 and the battery storage requirement dropped down to 68 TWh, but still well above 40 TWH. Regardless, 14 hours of China's electricity demand is a whopping 40,600 GWh. By comparison, 2024's lithium ion battery production figure was 1.5 TWh [1]. Even assuming 100% of this went to EV's we're still talking about roughly 25 years worth of global battery production to fulfill only China's demand for storage in this model. As you point out, we still have loads of battery demand for EV adoption, so nowhere near 100% of production will be able to be diverted to grid storage. The scale of storage required to make intermittent sources viable without being backed by a dispatchable energy source really is tremendous, and this often gets overlooked in pushes for a fully renewable grid. 1. https://www.argusmedia.com/ja/news-and-insights/latest-marke... | | |
| ▲ | epistasis 4 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | Battery production capacity grows by 10x every five years. It was four years ago when I first heard that, and we are exactly on track still. In 2031 we will be at 20-30 TWh/year production capacity. There are few things that grow this fast when it comes to manufactured things, atoms are far harder to arrange and scale than bits. But it's happening at a tremendous scale. Natural gas turbine production capacity is tapped out with long order queues, and so is battery production well into 2026, but only battery production capacity is expanding at breakneck speed. | | |
| ▲ | Manuel_D an hour ago | parent [-] | | Understand that only ~6 TWh of lithium batteries have been produced to date. As in, every single year of production combined adds up to less than 6 Twh. Moore's law largely stemmed from the fact that making a processer faster also meant making transistors smaller. Reducing the width of a transistor to a half, a quarter, etc. increased compute per cm^2 by double, quadruple, etc. Chemistry doesn't obtain that kind of exponential growth - we have hard limits on the number of joules we can store per gram of anode and cathode, so scaling up production means digging up more anode and cathode material out of the ground. The nature of resource extraction is that the easiest-to-exploit reserves are exhausted first, and continued production is contingent on accessing the progressively more and more inconvenient reserves.
Maybe in 2030 annual global production will be 30 TWh - we'll know in 4 years. But there's a lot of people who probably don't want to make trillion-dollar investments gambling on that possibility panning out. Regardless of your confidence in battery production's continued growth, I think you'd agree that if someone is making a calculation about the required amount of overproduction required to maintain a stable grid, they should at least mention that their calculation is contingent on provisioning tens of terawatt hours worth of grid storage. |
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| ▲ | nicoburns 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | I wonder what proportion of energy use goes towards either heating or cooling and could use a thermal energy store rather than an electrical one. | |
| ▲ | pfdietz 8 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | That was about the amount in both cases. Slightly more in the no-hydrogen case than otherwise. Hydrogen contributed only marginally. Yes, it's a lot of batteries. So what? It's not like the current battery production is some firm limit. If anything, the very large future demand ensures batteries will be driven down their experience curve, so the cost will be even lower than assumed. The world spends something like $10T per year on energy. Any replacement energy system is going to be a big thing. You need to make an argument that is more than you expressing fear of large numbers. |
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| ▲ | noosphr 9 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | It's their 2060 plan. Take it up with the CPP. | | |
| ▲ | pfdietz 9 hours ago | parent [-] | | Press 'X' to doubt. Assuming someone actually told you that, I think you need to reevaluate the credibility of that source. | | |
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| ▲ | badpun 11 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | Sounds good until you try to run a business. Having businesses randomly out of commission is not a way to bring country from developing to developed status. | | |
| ▲ | epistasis 11 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | Even if you have an under-provisioned solar+storage solution and don't want to splurge for a generator, even on cloudy days you still get power, just less. Generally businesses are really great at balancing costs, and for highly-cost-constrained businesses if you give them 95% uptime at half the cost, the equation becomes clear. And in Africa, if the option is 95% uptime or 0% uptime, the choice is even clearer. | |
| ▲ | jchanimal 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | If that’s your first thought, then you’ll hate this influential perspective: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worse_is_better | |
| ▲ | o11c 11 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | Better make sure they don't depend on AWS, then. |
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| ▲ | toast0 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > And grid has a lot of 9s. Where I live, I only get two 9s from the utility. And I'm within commuting distance of Seattle. With my generator, I still got three nines the one year where the battery tender failed and the generator didn't start when needed, but only because that outage was less than 8 hours and I replaced the battery tender before further outages (I could have jump started the generator, but the outage started overnight and waiting it out was easier). Most years, the number of brief outages adds up, and I probably only get five 9s. Solar + battery + generator for really bad weeks (but make sure you exercise it!) could pretty easily add up to the two nines I'd get from the utility here. For developing countries, solar + battery alone is likely be better than many grids which often are intermittent rather than 24/7 and many places don't have any access to utility power. |
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| ▲ | brucehoult 8 hours ago | parent [-] | | Same here in rural far north New Zealand. I actually counted the number of outages after I got my battery unit in June -- it was six in five weeks, for anything from a couple of seconds to 30 minutes, which I noticed because the unit clicked over to running from the battery, and the clock on the oven (which is still only mains powered) flashes until I go over and hit a button. In April I had a 40 hour outage after a storm. That's what caused me to order the brand new Pecron E3600LFP, first New Zealand model shipment in "early" June (I received mine June 19). In February 2023 I had a 4 day outage during/after a storm. There are even, every 2 or 3 months, scheduled and notified 9 AM - 3 PM outages for equipment maintenance, tree trimming etc. Just those alone lower the grid reliability to around 99.5%. Six days outage in three years -- let's call it four -- drops grid reliability by another 0.4%. So, yeah, two 9s is about right. With the Pecron base unit (US$999 at the moment still on Halloween special, $1259 before that) I simply don't notice any outage under 4 hours, and that's even with a full winter heating load. In fact I deliberately turn the mains to it off from 7-9 AM and 5-9 PM every day. A 4 hour outage was a little close sometimes, so in August I added a 3kWh expansion battery ($699 on pecron.com right now). With 6kWh I can run my fridge, computers, Starlink, some LED lighting for 36 hours. Or 30 hours with typical kitchen appliance usage added (espresso machine, toaster, kettle, microwave, air fryer). Or virtually forever now I added 6x 440W solar panels (cost me US$400 total) to it, which still generates around 200W between them in even the worse overcast and rain. I'm running this stuff as a mini off-grid system, not connected to the house wiring at all -- except plugged into a standard socket to charge the battery if needed. I also have a $450 2kW petrol generator which I can use to charge the battery if needed, but needing that should be very rare. Total cost: under US$3k. More like $2.3k at the current Halloween special prices. https://x.com/BruceHoult/status/1984782313386099022 |
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| ▲ | roywiggins 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| The grid has a lot of 9s, but in a lot of places losing power for a day or two after a storm is not unusual at all. The grid per se being fine but your actual neighborhood being dark for a couple days is a pretty common experience in some places. |
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| ▲ | ryandrake 12 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | If you have ever lost power for just 12 hours in an entire year, you're already down to only two 9's: 99.863% I've never lived anywhere where the power didn't go down for at least a few (cumulative) days a year. | | |
| ▲ | martinald 8 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | It's very location dependent fwiw. In the UK, I think I can remember 3 power outages my entire life. One when there was significant flooding in my hometown as a child, which lasted around a day, once at university for a few hours (local substation failed) and recently 30 minutes overnight while they were upgrading something (with a lot of notice). I may be undercounting/misremembering but I don't think its far off. I think the main difference is the UK in all but mostly rural areas has all the power lines underground. This is very different in eg North America where you can go a few blocks out of downtown areas and it is all overhead delivery. | |
| ▲ | ben_w 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | Last time my building lost power was about 19 years ago, when I was living in a Welsh valley halfway between the two nearest villages. Since then, none of the extended Portsmouth conurbation, Sheffield, Cambridge, rural Cambridgeshire or Berlin have had any problems big enough to even notice while I've lived in them. I have seen at least two circuit breakers trip in that time though. | |
| ▲ | abakker 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | And, for a refrigerator and a lot of loads, being down for 2 days straight is way worse than a few hours a year. losing 48 hours of supply a year if broken into 2 hour chunks is not nearly as bad as losing 48 consecutive hours. | | |
| ▲ | matthewfcarlson 11 hours ago | parent [-] | | I get your point, but I personally would be grumpy if I lost power for two hours twice a month. I realize that is rich considering this article is about people who are lucky to get any amount of power reliably | | |
| ▲ | jaggederest 10 hours ago | parent [-] | | When I lived in a city proper, the grid was doing well to maintain 98% uptime. Multiple day long outages were the rule, not uncommon to lose power 3-5 days in a row. Now I live in a rural area and it's uncommon to avoid outages more than a month. We have an automatic transfer switch and fuel generator from previous owners and it saves hundreds of dollars in frozen food. This is in the US by the way. If you're investing in a transfer switch and generator now, the cost is going to quickly approach a modest solar + battery set up with a whole house inverter, and of course, you save money all year that way, not just in outages. |
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| ▲ | strken 7 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | The grid where I live has a target of 89 minutes of unplanned power outages per year for urban customers and somewhere in the high 200s for long rural feeder lines. This is in Australia, where serving outlying customers comes with some geographical challenges. I think it's currently sitting at 99.998% reliability. I can't remember the last unplanned outage longer than a couple of minutes, although they did some planned work last year and took out our power for half an hour. I'm surprised that someone would think days of power outages are normal everywhere. My family used to get hit with 8+ hour outages every few years back in the 90s because we were at the end of a single long rural feeder line, and we thought that was an unacceptable frequency. | |
| ▲ | ruszki 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] | | I don’t know where you live, but I experienced outage in Budapest once in at least 10 years while I lived there. And only one phase was out, not all. We even lamented with my friends that we didn’t even remember when was the last time when something like that happened. I never had to reconfigure the clock on my microwave, just for daylight saving time. I know that even 30 kms from there my granddad still experiences outages monthly, but there are places where that happens very-very rarely nowadays. | |
| ▲ | zanellato19 11 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | I lost power for 10h in my city recently and it was a big fucking deal. The last 5 years that's the first time that happened. I would say I have less than a hour of downtime per year in the other years PS I don't live in the US. |
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| ▲ | tekchip 12 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | Can confirm. I live in a US city and the only 9 involved is maybe the very first number. I've lived here just over a year and we've had 1 full day without power and probably 8 to 10 short outages between a few seconds and several 10s of minutes. I'm adding batteries and solar permitting be damned. | | |
| ▲ | sethherr 11 hours ago | parent [-] | | Wild! I’ve lived in Chicago and San Francisco and have never lost power for more than an hour. And can’t remember the last time it went out at all, maybe 2 years ago? What city do you live in? | | |
| ▲ | daemonologist 9 hours ago | parent [-] | | I'm (not GP) in the Chicago burbs and expect to lose power 1-3 times a year. Usually it's for less than twelve hours but last year it was out for three days straight. Most recent outage was ~10 minutes long a couple weeks ago - I still haven't set the oven clock. The cause around here is usually storm + trees + above ground power lines, plus a low enough population density that you're not top priority for the utility company. | | |
| ▲ | sethherr 9 hours ago | parent [-] | | Checks out - you aren’t in a city. I was surprised that the original comment said they were in a city |
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| ▲ | aydyn 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > Each 9 of reliability for infrastructure is EXTREMELY expensive. And grid has a lot of 9s. Correction: should have a lot of 9s. But in a lot of places in the U.S., even rich states, it doesn't because a combination of regulatory capture, profiteering and straight corruption. I can see why solar and batteries are so attractive because at least its your prerogative when the power goes out. |
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| ▲ | babypuncher 10 hours ago | parent | next [-] | | My concern is that it deflates any impetus to actually solve the problems of regulatory capture, profiteering, and other corruption. Not everybody can afford the up front costs of installing solar + battery storage, plus replacement when the PV cells and batteries inevitably reach EoL. These people will be left behind on a decaying grid nobody with political capital wants to fix or at the mercy of landlords. I really don't like this attitude we have in America where we realize "thing is broken" and advocate throwing it away instead of trying to fix it. | | |
| ▲ | aydyn 8 hours ago | parent [-] | | > I really don't like this attitude we have in America where we realize "thing is broken" and advocate throwing it away instead of trying to fix it. Because people are too busy playing Team Politics instead of solving issues that everyone can get behind. Fixing the power grid is one of those things that everyone could get behind, and yeah I agree, it disproportionately affects the economically disadvantaged. |
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| ▲ | Iulioh 11 hours ago | parent | prev [-] | | Have you heard how companies makes money on the US grid? Oh boy. They are incentivized to BULID but not to maintain or upgrade because that grants them guarantee rate of return. It was enlightening to see what caused the big blackout during a big snowfall in texas a few years ago | | |
| ▲ | afiori 11 hours ago | parent [-] | | It is funny to me how fractally perverse systems gets when a centralised authority refuses to directly solve a problem but rather decide have it solved by third party uncooperative players by creating an endless stream of byzantine rules to force the solution to be a twisted copy of what the centralised authority could have done by itself. Of course there are failure modes in any approach but "oh no! Herding cats is hard. Who could have imagined!" is funny to me |
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| ▲ | TYPE_FASTER 11 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| PVWatts will help you figure this out: https://pvwatts.nrel.gov According to PVWatts, a 10kW solar system would get me very close to my average usage in December. I'd be way over in the summer, could probably get away with a 4kW system and dial back use during an outage. I can lease two Powerwall 3 batteries from my utility company for $55/mo. Or look at: https://www.franklinwh.com/products/apower2-home-battery-bac... Edit: this also looks like a good option: https://www.santansolar.com/product/the-homesteady-kit/ We used to lose power 3-4 days a winter in our old house. It would have been really nice to have heat. A generator or smaller system could handle that. |
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| ▲ | eldaisfish 9 hours ago | parent [-] | | keep in mind the limitations of these forecasting calculations. On an AVERAGE day, assuming AVERAGE weather, assuming AVERAGE load, you should be fine. The trouble with relying on the weather for your electricity is that it is entirely possible that you will go five days straight with cloud cover, limited to no solar generation and then be freezing. This is the problem that the electricity grid solves with varied sources of generation. |
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| ▲ | andyferris 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| Distributed can do redundancy. It’s relatively cheap. Consider a family with two cars instead of one. How often do they have zero working cars? The correlated failure rate squares while the cost doubles. My home now has a grid connection, house battery and solar, a caravan with mounted solar/battery/fridge/inverter beside it, and I also have a portable “powerstation” and portable solar panel which is basically a UPS. My fridge contents and phone charging needs have a several extra 9’s now for costs that have scaled very well. These systems are tech that is improving rapidly. In some years these African farmers with their increased yields will likely add a bigger, second solar & battery system. In a village you can run a cable next door. Etc. |
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| ▲ | 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
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| ▲ | zahlman 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > And grid has a lot of 9s. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003 Not as many as you might think. |
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| ▲ | manoDev 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| A grid in a remote place in Africa would have less 9's than self reliance on solar. |
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| ▲ | rsynnott 12 hours ago | parent | prev | next [-] |
| > And grid has a lot of 9s. I mean, it very much depends on where you are. Three 9s would be no more than about 8 hours downtime per year. A lot of rural locations would do worse than that, realistically. |
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| ▲ | Gibbon1 11 hours ago | parent | prev [-] |
| I read a decent essay about the difference between solar and wind reliability and fossil fuel reliability. Solar and wind tend to be regularly and predictably intermittent but not unreliable. That's something you can design around. Especially when you have cheap storage to handle critical loads. It's instructive to look at California's ISO website's supply graphs over the year. Renewables follow a reliable daily cycle. https://www.caiso.com/todays-outlook/supply |