It was too small at the time the law came into force. It's actually just about big enough now (market cap 110bn). That said, it's not at all clear that it's a gatekeeper in the sense that, say, Apple or Google are; it's mostly just one reseller of many of other peoples' stuff, and most Spotify users aren't forced to use it. It's just hard to see how it poses the same sort of competition problem.

(You could maybe make a _vague_ argument based on podcast exclusives, but it seems like pushing it a bit.)

The really puzzling one to me is TikTok, which is included but feels like it barely meets the criteria.

What artist can get away without being on Spotify? There are really only two music streaming services that are important - Apple Music and Spotify. Just like there are only two app stores that are important - iOS and Android.

Spotify has a much larger market share in streaming music than Apple has in smartphones in Europe.

Can I side load my own music in my Spotify library like I can with Apple Music? (True you either have to either use your computer or the iOS GarageBand hack)