But let's say employee names fail on apostrophe. Won't you just have a unit test that sometimes fail, but only when the testing tool randomly happens to add an apostrophe in the employee name?

Hypothesis keeps a database of failures to use locally and you can add a decorator to mark a specific case that failed. So you run it, see the failure, add it as a specific case and then that’s committed to the codebase.

The randomness can bite a little if that test failure happens on an unrelated branch, but it’s not much different to someone just discovering a bug.

edit - here's the relevant part of the hypothesis guide https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/replayi...

You can either use the @example decorator to force Hypothesis to check an edge case you've thought of, or just let Hypothesis uncover the edge cases itself. Hypothesis won't fail a test once and then pass it next time, it keeps track of which examples failed and will re-run them. The generated inputs aren't uniformly randomly distributed and will tend to check pathological cases (complex symbols, NaNs, etc) with priority.

You shouldn't think of Hypothesis as a random input generator but as an abstraction over thinking about the input cases. It's not perfect: you'll often need to .map() to get the distribution to reflect the usage of the interface being tested and that requires some knowledge of the shrinking behaviour. However, I was really surprised how easy it was to use.

As far as I remember, hypothesis tests smartly. Which means that possibly problematic strings are tested first. It then narrows down which exact part of the tested strings caused the failure.

So it might as well just throw the kitchen sink at the function, if it handles that: Great, if not: That string will get narrowed down until you arrive at a minimal set of failing inputs.

> But let's say employee names fail on apostrophe. Won't you just have a unit test that sometimes fail, but only when the testing tool randomly happens to add an apostrophe in the employee name?

If you just naively treat it as a string and let hypothesis generate values, sure. Which is better than if you are doing traditional explicit unit testing and haven’t explicitly defined apostrophes as a concern.

If you do have it (or special characters more generally) as a concern, that changes how you specify your test.

Hypothesis is a search algorithm for finding ways that we have misunderstood our code (whether that be in the codebase, or the claims we have made about it in the spec/tests). Conceptually, that's the inverse of "a unit test that sometimes fails": it's a search that sometimes succeeds at finding out that we're wrong. That's infinity% more effective than a search procedure which is hard-coded to check a single example; especially when that example is chosen by the same dev (with the same misconceptions!) that implemented the code-under-test!

Now, as for what would actually happen in that situation, when using Hypothesis:

- As others have indicated, Hypothesis keeps a database of the failures it's found. Committing that database to your project repo would act like a ratchet: once they've successfully found a problem, they will continue to do so (until it's fixed).

- If you don't want to commit your database (to avoid churn/conflicts), then the same would happen per working-copy. This is fine for dev machines, where repo directories can live for a long time; though not so useful for CI, if the working-copy gets nuked after each run.

- Even if we disable the failure database, property failures will always show the inputs which caused it (the "counterexample"), along with the random seed used to generate it. Either of those is enough to reproduce that exact run, giving us a ready-made regression test we can copy/paste to make the failure permanent (until it's fixed). As others have said, Hypothesis properties can be decorated with `@example(foo)` to ensure a particular input is always checked.

- Even if we disable the failure database, and don't copy the counterexample as a regression test, property checkers like Hypothesis will still "shrink" any counterexamples they find. Your example of apostrophes causing problems is trivial for Hypothesis to shrink, so if/when it happens to find some counterexample, it will always manage to shrink that down to the string "'"; essentially telling us that "employee names fail on apostrophe", which we could either fix right now, or stick in our bug tracker, or whatever.

Either your code shouldn’t fail or the apostrophe isn’t a valid case.

In the former, hypothesis and other similar frameworks are deterministic and will replay the failing test on request or remember the failing tests in a file to rerun in the future to catch regressions.

In the latter, you just tell the framework to not generate such values or at least to skip those test cases (better to not generate in terms of testing performance).

If you know it will fail on apostrophe you should have a specific test for that. However if that detail is burried in some function 3 levels deep that you don't even realize is used you wouldn't write the test or handle it even though it matters. This should find those issuses too.

No, Hypothesis iterates on test failures to isolate the simplest input that triggers it, so that it can report it to you explicitly.