A couple of details missing from the article:

- Intel quietly introduced their implementation of amd64 under the name "EM64T". It was only later that they used the name "Intel64".

- Early Itanium processors included hardware features, microcode and software that implemented an IA‑32 Execution Layer (dynamic binary translation plus microcode assists) to run 32‑bit x86 code; while the EL often ran faster than direct software emulation, it typically lagged native x86 performance and could be worse than highly‑optimised emulators for some workloads or early processor steppings.