In my experience, Fortran compiler is heavily optimized. It competes head to head with C.

Julia’s on the other hand, many times puts out very unoptimized code.

Mind you, last time I looked at Julia was 2-3 years ago, maybe things have changed.

If you write Julia similar to Fortran, with explicit argument types and for loops and avoiding allocations it shouldn’t be too far off. Fortran IIRC has a few semantics which might make it more optimal in a few cases like aliasing

But indeed there are almost certainly less performance surprises in Fortran