correct.

I'm not sure the solution, because visas/Perm cannot vote. But at least the latter can (afaik ianal) contribute to political campaigns.

Does that make sense though? It seems appropriate to me that only citizens of a country can vote in the elections of such country (US or elsewhere). It’s definitely more complicated than “no taxation without representation”.

Some counter arguments from the top of my head:

What about tourists? They pay taxes while they are here too.

What about electoral interference? It’s way easier to pay taxes than to gain citizenship; this would create a perverse incentive.

What about allegiance? When you become a citizen you pledge allegiance to the US. Not when you pay taxes. Would incentives be aligned?

What about citizen only duties? (male) Citizens have to sign up for selective service and might have to go to war. Not so with H1Bs (though, to your point, permanent residents have to do it). Would it be fair to offer voting rights to everyone even if they don’t have the same duties?