The DSM is not designed as a list of questions to use to ask patients, it’s designed to describe disorders.

Asking you “do you have trouble concentrating?” is lazy (at least, on its own. Asking a patient to perform a self-assessment is not bad medicine necessarily). A doctor should also be evaluating your concentration in other ways.

This. Clinical symptoms are latent descriptors of manifest variables, ie it is not expected that a person can verbalize or even introspect the symptom descriptions. If the (prospective) patient could do this themselves, the clinical assessment would not be necessary.