Evolution via random mutation and selection.

Or more broadly, the existence of complex or any life.

Sure, it's not the way I would pick to do most things, but when your buzzword magical thinking so deep all that you have is a hammer, even if it doesn't look like a nail you will force your wage slaves to hammer it anyway until it works.

As to your other cases.. injection molded plastic parts for things like the spinning t bar spray arm in some dishwashers. Crap molds, pass to low wage or temp to razorblade fix by hand and box up. Personally worked such a temp job before, among others so yes that bad output manual qc and fix up abounds still.

And if we are talking high failure rates... see also chip binning and foundry yields in semiconductors.

Just have to look around to see the dubious seeming is more the norm.