ScholarlyArticle: "Nano-engineered thin-film thermoelectric materials enable practical solid-state refrigeration" (2025) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-59698-y :

> Abstract: Refrigeration needs are increasing worldwide with a demand for alternates to bulky poorly scalable vapor compression systems. Here, we demonstrate the first proof of practical solid-state refrigeration, using nano-engineered controlled hierarchically engineered superlattice thin-film thermoelectric materials. [...] The improved efficiency and ultra-low thermoelectric materials usage herald a new beginning in solid-state refrigeration.