This is from 2019. It is a very short excerpt from a 2019 book, which is mentioned at the end, but oddly the link is not to the book itself:

https://tylercowen.com/dd-product/big-business/

The two papers referenced appear to be:

Taylor 2013: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03044...

Taylor 2013 (an appendix diving into the math): https://finance-faculty.wharton.upenn.edu/luket/wp-content/u...

Nguyen and Nielsen 2014: http://www.kaspermeisnernielsen.com/WDT_MS.pdf

I was not able to immediately identify the reference to the worker compensation statistic referred to as "Isen 2012".

I was not able to immediately identify the reference the worker compensation statistic referred to as "Isen 2012".

It's "Dying to Know: Are Workers Paid Their Marginal Product?" a working paper by Adam Isen.