This is correct. You’d get your social security if you worked for 10 years (you need 40 credits but can only earn 4 max per year, 1 credit for every $1810 of social security taxes you paid). I think most visa workers who worked 10 years on H1B will meet this criteria

Thank you both for the answers.

Some further googling led me to "totalization agreements" and then it's per country.

It looks like India (for example) may not have such an agreement, but say Austriallia has it. That to be said, it's all news to me, so might be completely wrong here