I'm not sure about the current state of the art, but microprocessors production is (was?) very bad. You make a lot of them in a single silicon wafer, and then test them thoughtfully until you find the few that are good. You drop all the defective ones because they are very cheap piece of sand and charge a lot for the ones that works correctly to cover all the costs.

I'm not sure how this translates to programming, code review is too expensive, but for short code you can try https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoptimization

Design for test is still a major part of (high volume) chip design. Anything that can't be tested in seconds on wafer is basically worthless for mass production.

In that case, tho, no-one’s saying “let’s be sloppy with production and make up for it in the QA” (which really used to be a US car industry strategy until the Japanese wiped the floor with them); the process is as good as it reasonably can be, there are just physical limits. Chip manufacturers spend vast amounts on reducing the error rate.