It's actually just wild - my last apt in Manhattan was built in 2018 and had a gas range. The "exhaust fan" just vented back into the kitchen and the only "exhaust" per se was a vent in the bathroom that "sucked" all the way to the roof with negative pressure.

If I ran my stove for more than 15 min my carbon monoxide / fire alarm would go off.

Wow! Do building codes allow that? I thought natural gas stoves had to be vented to outside.