Personalized learning pre-LLMs has been a lot of hand waving and not really supporting instructors or instructional evolution.

it's brutal!!!!

we could blame universities... but nobody forced their hand and they adapted to lower standards because ... [no peace of mind to take the time, ok, economists x'] ...

I can supply a personal narrative, though: ( I have to exclude the conspiratorial part )

I move back home when my little sister had issues in 8th grade. it was coincidental. I started tutoring her.

(background: After I turned 13, every spring, summer and fall, I WORKED at a Gaertnerei aka garden center until I finished my Abitur with a C)

She made progress. ( she's a bad example because someone fucked with her thyriod right when she started to make progress ( it's Germany, they are D.U.M.B with eugenics, they outsourced it to The USA because they are bad losers but whatever ))

She made progress. What did I learn? A LOT. Zero hand waving. In retro, I learned the MINIMUM ( I, do you understand who I felt like back then and NOW ? ) ( for clarity, I THINK I know where your comment comes from ) ... HOW can they fail to teach this to youngsters in University? Wait ... I get it. The system works well to reach it's objective, but CAN it be aware of what lies ahead? No way. I was 15, or 16, now 37, when I was planting some dumb trees in some dumb pot, when I realized, in my ADHD obliviousness, that neither my boss, nor his son, my age, my then colleague, knew how things would turn out. Working class, programmed* to be this way, ok.

Fast forward: my classmates, the Jahrgang before and after, all teachers for more or less ten years now. ... ... ... None founded their own school, despite abilities to get the finances, ... ... ... all abiding to the standard curriculum ... ... ... none of them being a Studienrat ( some higher regional rank ) ... ... all feeling very cool cuz they make 5k a month (if) ... ... ... ... ... .PERIOD, moving on:

THEY wouldn't think of

> supporting instructors or instructional evolution.

HOW THE FUCK WOULD/COULD COMPUTER SCIENTISTS, OR ENGINEERS THINK THE SAME?

GERMANY: (our region lacks E V E R Y T H I N G ... agricultural corporations with something worthwhile developing ... I had someone uniquely capable (and experienced in my Jahrgang) but ... ... ... nothing ... not even a 0.1%er now or soon to be ... so even if you judge form a punched drug dealer's aka Fortune 500 POV... N O T H I N G.... HOW, except portfolio capitalism featuring "please don't make my child understand how disrespectful my capabilities are to the evolution of my grandparents genes" ... )