It depends a lot on the rate of change of the document.

Documents that experience little change don't need classes because their structure is reliable.

Documents that change often have unreliable structures, and will require frequent updates to the CSS rules to match structure changes. Using classes insulates the CSS from the document structure, mitigating the need to update CSS as the document evolves.

It also depend your development strategy. If using Vue components and writing the CSS in the same file as a dedicated, small-scoped components, it's practical to update the CSS references alongside the document changes. But when there's distance between the HTML and the CSS, or there are components in use who's structures may change unpredictably (such as from 3rd party libraries), classes provide a safer reference.

There's no need to have an ideology of using classes or not using classes. The practical approach is to assess the nature of your work, the rate of change of the documents, and to adopt practices built around those assessments.

The vast majority of the time, if my document structure changes, I want the presentation to change too. It may depend some on how complex the document structure is... I usually advocate for simpler structures. I agree that one should assess and adopt practices applicable to what they are building.