AMD is HIGHLY successful in the GPU compute market. They have the Instinct line which actually outperforms most nVidia chips for less money.

It's the CUDA software ecosystem they have not been able to overcome. AMD has had multiple ecosystem stalls but it does appear that ROCm is finally taking off which is open source and multi-vendor.

AMD is unifying their GPU architectures (like nVidia) for the next gen to be able to subsidize development by gaming, etc., card sales (like nVidia).

Why doesn't AMD just write a CUDA translation layer? Yeah, it's a bit difficult to say "just", but they're a pretty big company. It's not like one guy doing it in a basement.

Does Nvidia have patents on CUDA? They're probably invalid in China which explains why China can do this and AMD can't.