Java has the same problem most imperative languages do, which is the lack of clear separation between mutable and immutable state, rigorously enforced by tooling. Many large-scale Java programs try and work around this by using immutable collections, which certainly makes a difference but can only go so far.

Java has the additional issue of being object-oriented, which leads to spaghetti parent-child relationships under stress.

Valhalla should be able to address this to some extent with immutable value classes.