> In which countries are ghost kitchens thriving?

Much of Asia.

> How do they avoid the failure modes described in this article?

My suggestion was that this is exactly what a meaningful article on this topic would mention, as clearly the failure modes aren't universal. I'm not the one writing articles about it.

> Is it possible they are simply behind the curve?

Au contraire, ghost kitchens were already more of a thing here before COVID.