In my experience, most code that operates on integers does not anticipate overflow or wraparound. So it is almost always guaranteed to produce wrong results when these conditions occur, and is only saved by the fact that usually they doesn't occur in practice.

It is odd to me that every major CPU instruction set has ALU codes to indicate when these conditions have occurred, and yet many programming languages ignore them entirely or make it hard to access them. Rust at least has the quartet of saturating, wrapping, checked, and unchecked arithmetic operations.

The trick is to get your ALUs to do some of the math for you. Oh I miss the days of the 68020 fast barrel shifter and the 68030 byte smears. Tricky stuff lost to the silicon/sands of time.