That's simply not true. Engineering can exist outside industry. "Stuff costs money" is not a governing aspect of these kinds of things.

FOSS is the obvious counterexample to your absurdly firm stance, but so are many artistic pursuits that use engineering techniques and principles, etc.

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revnode 4 days ago | parent [-]

Industry includes FOSS and artistic endeavors, anything that’s done professionally.

My intent was to exclude research efforts, which is fundamentally different from engineering, which is a practical concern and not a “get it to just work” concern.

	▲	uoaei 4 days ago \| parent [-]
		That's an interesting question, the question of whether engineering per se is strictly pragmatic. I personally think drawing a hard line between research and engineering is a misstep and relies too heavily on a bureaucratic kind of metaphysics.