The SAT, American college entrance examine, used to, I haven’t looked in years so maybe it still does, take away points for wrong answers and give 0 points for no answer. I’m pretty sure it was +1 for right answer, 0 for no answer, -1/4 for wrong answer.

They used to do that, but then they stopped and announced that you were better off guessing because there would be no adjustment for it.

A lot of what they do is based on public relations rather than psychometric validity.