> How is this any different than the Fed or the fractional reserve banking system creating new US dollars?

The miners get the fees. The fed does not keep the dollars they make. They also adjust the rates to avoid things like recessions.

> Nothing except for the thing that matters: If you have something fungible instead of something with high switching costs, it makes fees go down.

The US dollar is considered fungible... Help me understand how any of this is specific to blockchain technology and not included in non-blockchain technology. Have you worked with this tech before? Also, what about things like venmo and zelle? zero fees, super fast.

> And that's why blockchains are useful! To exert the pressure needed to make that happen.

I'm not saying they are not useful. I am saying the technology behind them is irrelevant to the costs.

> The miners get the fees. The fed does not keep the dollars they make.

Somebody gets the money. Banks and government contractors get the money. It's not clear how that's any better than miners getting it, and either way it's creating new money that dilutes the value of your existing money.

> They also adjust the rates to avoid things like recessions.

There is nothing stopping the government from setting up a fractional reserve banking system denominated in a cryptocurrency. It works the same as it does in dollars. Alice borrows from the bank, pays the money to Bob and now the bank credits Bob's account and balances its books through the money that Alice owes the bank. If Bob wants to withdraw the money as physical cash or cryptocurrency in a non-custodial wallet then the bank either has enough reserves to do that or can sell the loan and use the proceeds to pay Bob. But if that doesn't happen -- which is more common -- then the balance credited to Bob's account only ever exists in the bank's computer and the bank has effectively created new money in that denomination.

> The US dollar is considered fungible... Help me understand how any of this is specific to blockchain technology and not included in non-blockchain technology.

US dollars as bills in your pocket, sure, but it's hard to transfer those over the internet without involving a middle man.

> Also, what about things like venmo and zelle? zero fees, super fast.

Venmo isn't a protocol, it's a company. It isn't free for businesses and they can still shut down your operations without recourse.

Zelle is a protocol, but it's designed for transferring money between individuals, not making purchases from a business or setting up autopay. What we need is a protocol that is designed to do those things, but the banks fight attempts to create it because they want to keep getting the 3% from credit cards.

> I'm not saying they are not useful. I am saying the technology behind them is irrelevant to the costs.

Suppose that something with the transaction fees of Bitcoin Cash was more widely used and therefore a viable way for small businesses to accept payments from ordinary customers. Which existing non-cryptocurrency service is a viable means to do the same thing for the same or lower fees? A real one, not a hypothetical cost structure that nobody actually offers.