It’s not exactly that, but:

Open Shortcuts.

Go to Automations.

Create one, for App, when Safari is opened, run immediately.

Create a new blank shortcut.

Add one action: go to Home Screen.

Now when you open Safari, it instantly closes again. You can disable that by turning off the automation. It’s more of a slap on the wrist than a handcuff, but a reminder that you don’t want to use the app on that device.

You can also hide it via screen time so the icon does not appear.