You don't connect to domains, you connect to IPs. You can resolve a domain to an IP however you want. And IPs can be shared or change regularly.

The convention is use DNS to resolve domains and DNS providers play by some rules, but if enough people start to dislike the rules you will start seeing unsanctioned DNS services and the like.

Another option is for browsers to consult a p2p DHT (just use the one for torrents) for a special class of domains (eg. https://[pubkey].dht). This is similar to how Tor does this but in this case you don't need to hide your server location because presumably it's located somewhere where the laws favor you.

IP blocking is a very different type of problem and one that would require hiring China as a consultant. And still be only marginally effective.

What makes IP blocking so difficult, and why would China need to be brought in as a consultant? Does setting up such technologies exceed the capabilities or experience of Western engineers?