Looking at Jacobians is the general method but one can rely on an interesting property: not only is the surface area of a sphere equal to the surface area of a cylinder tightly enclosing it (not counting end caps), but if you take a slice of this cylinder-with-sphere-inside, the surface area of the part of the sphere will be equal to the surface area of the shorter cylinder that results from the cutting.

This gives an algorithm for sampling from a sphere: choose randomly from a cylinder and then project onto a sphere. In polar coordinates:

  sample theta uniformly in (0,2pi)
  sample y uniformly in (-1,1)
  project phi = arcsin(y) in (-pi,pi)
  polar coordinates (theta, phi) define describe random point on sphere

Potentially this is slower than the method in the OP depending on the relative speeds of sqrt and arcsin.

▲ spyrja 10 hours ago | parent [-]

That's a neat approach! So basically something like this: https://editor.p5js.org/spyrja/sketches/eYt7H36Ka

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scotty79 9 hours ago | parent [-]

This seems more like a random point on a spiral on the sphere. There was a thing on hn about spirals on a sphere few days ago.

	▲	spyrja 8 hours ago \| parent [-]
		Ah, good catch. I forgot to scale the point properly! How does the updated sketch look? EDIT: Plotting it out as a point cloud seems to confirm your suspicion. Without scaling: https://editor.p5js.org/spyrja/sketches/7IK_RssLI Scaling fixed: https://editor.p5js.org/spyrja/sketches/kMxQMG0dj