I use a special feature of Docker Buildx with a multistage Dockerfile build, with the SDK in the first part, and an empty container in the second part to copy the build artifact (like firmware.bin), like explained here:

https://docs.docker.com/build/building/export/

Does Podman supports the same feature?

Yes, since 2021 they also support the same syntax natively: https://github.com/containers/buildah/pull/3133 While also supporting building Dockerfiles with buildah: https://github.com/containers/buildah/blob/main/docs/tutoria...