WebGPU is a API that sits above Vulkan, DirectX and Metal. For CUDA, ROCm and oneAPI there is SYCL. But it's not used too much and it seems mostly just Intel is invested.

Additionally, designed for 2015 hardware capabilities, with JavaScript in mind, in a sandboxed environment.

Some folks are reaching out to WebGPU outside the browser, because Vulkan is a pain to program for, and they misuse WebGPU as middleware, although a less capable one, due to its original design, and who is driving its standardisation process.

Regarding SYCL, Intel basically bought the only company that was shipping a good developer experience for it, CodePlay, which used to do specialized compilers for game consoles, and pivoted into GPGPU.