Australia has another (strange?) solution: Australian public companies pay tax and issue dividends to shareholders. these dividend payments have attached tax credits ("franking credits") that can be used by the shareholder to reduce their income tax, so those dividend payments are not subject to double taxation (being subject to company tax and again to the individual shareholder's income tax).

E.g. suppose you are a shareholder and receive a dividend of $1000 from some australian public company. If the australian company is large it will be subject to a 30% corporate tax rate. If the company paid company tax on earnings before issuing the dividend, then that dividend comes with a $(1000 / 0.7) * 0.3 = $428.57 tax credit which the shareholder can use to reduce their income tax bill.

That said, in terms of the global landscape of low tax jurisdictions, Australia's corporate tax rate of 30% and highest marginal individual income tax rate of 47% make things less attractive.

Interesting, thanks. I didn’t know about that. I could see how a version of that might address the double taxation problem small business owners face that I described.