One potential problem, or at least a trust issue, with AI-driven surgeons is the lack of "skin in the game". Or no internal motivation, at least that we can comprehend and relate to.

If something goes off the charts during surgery, a human surgeon, unless a complete sociopath, has powerful intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to act creatively, take risks, and do whatever it takes to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient (and themselves).

That's just human capability elicitation.

Having "skin in the game" doesn't somehow make a human surgeon more capable. It makes the human use more of the capabilities he already has.

Or less of the capabilities he has - because more of the human's effort ends up being spent on "cover your ass" measures! Which leaves less effort to be spent on actually ensuring the best outcomes for the patient.

A well designed AI system doesn't give a shit. It just uses all the capabilities it has at all times. You don't have to threaten it with "consequences" or "accountability" to make it perform better.