Not by default, but there are several apps on F-Droid that do this

It's a standard Android feature with various apps available for different use cases. Some are for setting a specific location, others are for using an external device. It's a very generic feature. GrapheneOS plans to add a different feature called Location Scopes similar to our Contact Scopes and Storage Scopes features for setting a per-app location. Android's Mock Location is global.

Can you give me one that works on a stock Android? I used to use one but it no longer works on newer Androids.