Not my experience working in Sweden for the past 10+ years. Likely that I had outlier experiences here but standups have always been short, the person leading it had complete autonomy to call out "I think this should be discussed after stand-up" whenever some discussion started to go on for a little longer (usually about 2-3 minutes is too long).

The thing I noticed being culturally different is that you just don't cut off someone while they're speaking, you raise your point by politely asking for the space and sharing your opinion, and decisions about it are made through some consensus (which never failed when a discussion is going on for too long).

It's definitely possible that culture matters. I wonder if there's something about American work culture that makes their standups so often dysfunctional. I'm Dutch and I have pretty good experiences with them in most projects.