▲ | adrian_b 12 hours ago | |
On a young planet, all water has a low pH, because it is formed by the condensation of the gaseous part of the matter ejected by volcanism, which consists mainly of water, carbon dioxide, sulfurous gases and halogen hydrides, where all substances but water are acids. In the next few hundred millions years after a planet has cooled enough to be covered by liquid water, the water becomes gradually neutralized by leaching mainly potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium ions from the igneous rocks (smaller amounts of iron(II), manganese(II) and other ions are also leached). The chemical elements that are required for the appearance of life are ubiquitous. What is much rarer is to have a planet of the right size, orbiting around a stable star at the right distance and having an adequate source of internal heat that can provide indirectly the source of chemical energy for the first living beings, and also the occurrence at the right place of certain minerals such as Fe-Co-Ni sulfides, that can catalyze the formation of complex organic molecules, before their role is taken by organic enzymes. |