People talk about meaning, but they rarely define it.

Ultimately, "meaning" is a matter of "purpose", and purpose is a matter of having an end, or telos. The end of a thing is dependent on the nature of a thing. Thus, the telos of an oak tree is different from the telos of a squirrel which is different from that of a human being. The telos or end of a thing is a marker of the thing's fulfillment or actualization as the kind of thing it is. A thing's potentiality is structured and ordered toward its end. Actualization of that potential is good, the frustration of actualization is not.

As human beings, what is most essential to us is that we are rational and social animals. This is why we are miserable when we live lives that are contrary to reason, and why we need others to develop as human beings. The human drama, the human condition, is, in fact, our failure to live rationally, living beneath the dignity of a rational agent, and very often with knowledge of and assent to our irrational deeds. That is, in fact, the very definition of sin: to choose to act in a way one knows one should not. Mistakes aren't sins, even if they are per se evil, because to sin is to knowingly do what you should not (though a refusal to recognize a mistake or to pay for a recognized mistake would constitute a sin). This is why premeditated crimes are far worse than crimes of passion; the first entails a greater knowledge of what one is doing, while someone acting out of intemperance, while still intemperate and thus afflicted with vice, was acting out of impulse rather fully conscious intent.

So telos provides the objective ground for the "meaning" of acts. And as you may have noticed, implicitly, it provides the objective basis for morality. To be is synonymous with good, and actualization of potential means to be more fully.

Meaning is a matter of context. Most of the context resides in the past and future. Ludwig's claim that word's meaning is dependent on how it is used. This applies generally.

Daniel Dennett - Information & Artificial Intelligence

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arEvPIhOLyQ

Daniel Dennett bridges the gap between everyday information and Shannon-Weaver information theory by rejecting propositions as idealized meaning units. This fixation on propositions has trapped philosophers in unresolved debates for decades. Instead, Dennett proposes starting with simple biological cases—bacteria responding to gradients—and recognizing that meaning emerges from differences that affect well-being. Human linguistic meaning, while powerful, is merely a specialized case. Neural states can have elaborate meanings without being expressible in sentences. This connects to AI evolution: "good old-fashioned AI" relied on propositional logic but hit limitations, while newer approaches like deep learning extract patterns without explicit meaning representation. Information exists as "differences that make a difference"—physical variations that create correlations and further differences. This framework unifies information from biological responses to human consciousness without requiring translation into canonical propositions.