Tire changes were disallowed in 2005 to break Ferrari's dominance who's strategy relied on super soft sticky tires being charged often.
Why couldn’t the other teams change tires as often?
Ferrari had an exclusive deal with Bridgestone that the other top teams didn't: https://au.motorsport.com/f1/news/the-bridgestone-and-ferrar... # The Bridgestone tire was superior to the Michelin.
They all could, but Ferrari built their car + strategy + drivers' style for multiple fast laps with multiple pit stops as the winning formula. Having just multiple tire changes without the same car, strategy and driver won't have the same results