> Moreover, Sufism historically developed within the framework of Sunni Islam, with most major turuq operating within Sunni legal schools and their founders being prominent Sunni scholars. So invoking Sufism as somehow transcending or negating these divisions misunderstands its historical development and position within Islamic tradition.

That's how the turuq and everything else around it originated and has been for the majority of Islamic history. A modern "modern" meaning of the term sufi is not particularly Islamic and ignores most of Islamic orthrodoxy. It exists but it doesn't have much in common with Islam except the name "sufi".

Yes, terms can be co-opted outside of their origins.

That's irrelevant to this discussion, my interlocutor takes the Quran to be revelation from God, as per Islamic orthodoxy. That is, the vast majority of Sufis since the birth of Islam have been Sunni Muslims.