> The government also does a fair number of indirect subsidies by making some people or businesses pay less tax, but it's generally not the "top 1%".

People with top 1% earned income are overtaxed. But the ones above them, the top 1% by wealth, are undertaxed due to undertaxing property (specifically land and intellectual property).

Undertaxed because the costs of the social order that maintains the security of their property (the military, the police, the courts, and a generally rule abiding society) are all mostly paid for by people who earn income (work for it).