I am not going to answer the questions, but this is a very strange complaint, to be honest.

For example, passing by value/passing by reference is something covered immediately in the Go FAQ document once and for all. Everything is passed by value in Go, that is it. There should be no confusion at all. If you spend 15 minutes reading Russ Cox's post on the internals of the most common data types, you will also understand what data structures have implicit pointers under the hood.

Well yes obviously I know everything is passed by value, just like in literally every other popular language. I'm talking about the difference between pointer parameters/receivers vs value parameters/receivers.