I think that’s incorrect. The article and the Wikipedia page on the antenna effect say antenna effects are caused by plasma etching, which uses RF to create the plasma.

It's a bit confusing. The plasma is created by RF, but the RF doesn't cause the antenna effect (nor do "chemicals"). The charged ions and electrons in the plasma are what cause the charge buildup. The wire acts as an antenna in a metaphorical sense, not a literal sense, as I mentioned in Footnote 3.