The key observation about the Dunning-Kruger study is that humility, hard graft, and honest perseverance towards improving oneself are the three most important factors in achieving proficience in crafting large software data flow systems. How one designs and implements such systems is the art of any form of creative endeavor.

Designing and implementing large and correct systems is a matter of growing them, from small, trusted pieces into larger interconnected systems of systems, with ever greater care, knowing that the entire thing can collapse at any time if the wrong decisions are made or have been made.