> If a company controlled by PE goes bankrupt, shareholders (PE) likely make a profit. But if a publicly listed company goes bankrupt, shareholders lose their money

This isn't remotely true. Plenty of private equity investments go bust before they can pay themselves back. And plenty of public company investors milked a company for interest payments or dividends into the ground.

> PEs almost never lose money

Private equity funds regularly lose money. Usually to lenders.

You're complaining about leverage in general. Probably not private equity per se.